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Group guide

Reformed Theology

Also known as: Calvinism, Reformed tradition

A Protestant theological tradition emphasizing God’s sovereignty, salvation by grace, covenant, the authority of Scripture, and a confessional understanding of church and sacraments.

Theological traditionInside historic Nicene ChristianityVery close

60-second overview

A Protestant theological tradition emphasizing God’s sovereignty, salvation by grace, covenant, the authority of Scripture, and a confessional understanding of church and sacraments.

History and identity

Reformed theology developed in the Swiss, French, Dutch, German, Scottish, and other Reformations. It is broader than the five points of Calvinism. Historic Reformed churches are usually paedobaptist and confessionally governed; Reformed Baptists adopt much of the soteriology and covenantal structure while retaining believer’s baptism.

Core teachings and practices

  • God’s sovereign grace in salvation.
  • Covenant and redemptive-history frameworks.
  • Confessions such as Westminster and the Three Forms of Unity.
  • Strong doctrine of church, preaching, sacraments, and discipline.

Variation across churches

Moderate variation within the group

What it shares with the Reformed Baptist Base Beliefs

This group is within historic Nicene Christianity, with broad agreement on the Triune God and Jesus Christ’s full deity and humanity. Other important differences may still remain.

Important differences from the Reformed Baptist Base Beliefs

The Reformed Baptist Base Beliefs lie within the broader Reformed theological tradition. Reformed theology includes paedobaptist and presbyterian church forms as well as Baptist appropriations; these are internal variations rather than one position held by every Reformed theologian.

How it relates to historic Nicene Christianity

Inside historic Nicene Christianity

This group is within historic Nicene Christianity.

Boundary guide
Related groups

Sources

The group’s own sources come first, followed by outside context and the guide’s comparison.

  1. Orthodox Presbyterian Church — Westminster Confession of Faith
    VerifiedHistoric confession
  2. Christian Reformed Church in North America — The Three Forms of Unity
    VerifiedHistoric confession
  3. Presbyterian Church in America — Beliefs
    VerifiedOfficial doctrine
  4. Presbyterian Church in America — Westminster Confession of Faith
    VerifiedHistoric confession